ABSTRACT
Administrators in development assistance agencies, like planners in developing country governments, tend to ask simple but discomfiting questions about science and technology. Geographic location also affects the contribution of science and technology to development. This chapter deals with a model of market-oriented scientific and technological development as it takes place under conditions that minimize market distortions, which are also roughly those that optimize prospects for economic growth, and for equity as well. Market-oriented development requires a government to create a climate conducive to investment, competition, and growth and requires consultation with the business community regarding the wisdom of proposed policies and the implementation and operation of policies and programs. The congealed civilian economies of the USSR and much of Eastern Europe may be regarded as the end-point of the alternative pathway of non-market-oriented scientific and technological development.
