ABSTRACT
The Japanese political system is based on a division of power among the three branches of government—administrative, legislative, and judicial. The parliamentary-cabinet system of Japanese politics requires the Diet to designate the prime minister from among its members. The imperial Diet under the Meiji Constitution had only five standing committees: budget, audit, petitions, discipline, and proposals. A special committee was appointed for each bill being considered. Political party rivalry heavily influences negotiations on the term of Diet sessions as well as on who will assume which Diet post. The Diet is the only legislative body, and, with a few exceptions, laws are enacted upon approval by both houses. The organization of the houses is what permits a smooth functioning of the bicameral system. In Japan, where the parliamentary-cabinet system prevails, the prime minister is selected from among the members of the Diet by vote of the Diet.
