ABSTRACT
Peace and conflict can perhaps be sorted into a typology of institutionalized violence, and another of institutionalized non-violence, or peace. Much more information is available for construction of a conflict typology than for a typology of peace. There has been a worldwide upsurge of peace advocacy, showing a cross-cultural ideological shift. At the end of both World Wars there were similar movements. A horizontal approach seeks out structures that seem to aggravate and sustain conflict, as against structures that seem to favor avoidance or resolution of conflict, isolating the variables and their relationships to one another and to the whole. Since weaponry has become totally destructive, it is essential that warfare be eliminated from the human cultural repertory. Warfare is not a natural phenomenon like earthquakes and floods; it is a human institution, institutionalized and sustained by means of symbolic structures which are both mutually reinforcing and semantically multivocal.
