ABSTRACT
The number of distinct Soviet schools of thought about what policy the USSR should pursue toward the Third World has multiplied significantly. Controversy in the USSR over policy toward the Third World is nothing new. Consequently, the USSR should, while taking advantage of the openings that such leaders offered for enhancing its position in the Third World, pursue a policy of both "alliance" and "struggle" with them and their governments. The "pro-military school" presses for cooperation that will render the countries at issue dependent on the USSR in a military sense. Up to the early 1980's, the top Soviet leadership had invariably singled out for broad official endorsement one of the positions articulated during periods of controversy over the USSR's Third World policy. Leonid Brezhnev emphasized that the USSR was developing with the "liberated" countries "wide-ranging economic and scientific-technical cooperation" that was advantageous "to both sides".
