ABSTRACT
Relationships with peers tend to be more equal with the peers chosen most often being of a similar age and, therefore, being at similar socio-cognitive, moral and/or developmental levels. This chapter outlines the typical developmental trajectory of peer relationships from the early years through to adolescence. Following on from this, research highlighting the outcomes related to both positive and negative peer interactions is outlined, with specific focus on resilience and well-being throughout the life course. Children’s friendships have been linked to a number of positive effects including better educational outcomes, less stress during periods of transition and emotional support. Children who do not have stable or positive peer relationships have been found to be more likely to experience a range of negative outcomes in later life. The chapter concludes with guidance for practitioners regarding how to support social development through positive pupil–peer interaction both in school and in other areas.
