ABSTRACT

The chapter introduces the differences between categorical, nominal, and ordinal data and explains that chi-square works for categorical data. It then provides background on the purpose and the history of the chi-square test and how it works. It explains the assumptions that underlie the chi-square test, the hypothesis in the test, the actual equation and calculation, how to determine the degrees of freedom and critical value, and the strength test for the chi-square. The chapter then includes a step-by-step guide on how to run a chi-square test in SPSS and R using our dataset. Finally, it provides two examples of chi-square tests in published articles.