ABSTRACT
Self-esteem refers to one’s overall feelings of self-worth and is positively associated with overall subjective well-being. Two primary theories of self-esteem exist: self-verification theory and self-enhancement theory. Whereas self-verification theory asserts that people prefer information that confirms their existing self-concepts, self-enhancement theory asserts that people are motivated to seek out information that enhances their self-views, regardless of what their self-view is. Thus, self-verification would suggest that those with lower self-esteem might actually prefer feedback suggesting that others view them relatively negatively. Conversely, self-enhancement theory would suggest that both those with lower and higher self-esteem would prefer feedback suggesting that others view them positively. We review evidence examining the predictions made by these theories in relation to self-esteem and praise from close others, and self-esteem and positive self-statements (self-praise). We end with a brief exploration of the implications for those trying to deliver praise and positive feedback to others in an effective and mutually beneficial manner.
