In this introductory chapter, the limitations of prescriptive and universal research ethics for conducting quality research of marginalized cultures and communities is raised and discussed. In rethinking ethical research across marginalized cultures and communities, the purpose of this book is to advocate for pluralism in defining ethical research, which embraces critical judgment, moral decision-making and situated cultural, negotiated processes. Discussed in this chapter are the multiple ways identity, power, and positionality inform ethical processes and practices with marginalized cultures and communities..