Grassroots and critical modes of action

This chapter offers a brief introduction to Part III of the Routledge Handbook of Energy Democracy. This part of the handbook focuses on grassroots and critical modes of enacting energy democracy in particular places. These modes of action suggest ways grassroots activists can achieve previously unrealized possibilities for energy democracy. This introduction explains the importance of grassroots activity to energy democracy and previews the chapters that appear in this part of the handbook.