ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the evolvement of autocratic rule in Eritrea over three decades. After independence from Ethiopia in 1993, the Eritrean Liberation Front, renamed People’s Front for Democracy and Justice, was eager to develop the country and to create a better life for the people. Yet, after a devastating border war with Ethiopia from 1998 to 2000 the country slid into a lasting political and economic downward spiral under the leadership of President Isaias Afewerki. He cracked down on political opponents, refused to implement the constitution and forced the population to serve in a national service without time limit. Protest was quelled by a system of surveillance and repression. This caused the flight of hundreds of thousands of Eritreans, and the regime has used the diaspora to stabilize its rule by levying a diaspora tax and demanding donations. The long arm of the regime reaches far beyond Eritrean borders due to well-organized transnational structures. Moreover, Eritreans abroad are in charge of securing the survival of their kin at home who are trapped in the military service. In addition, the regime has secured financial support from various Arab leaders. Currently, Eritrea is involved in yet another war in Ethiopia’s Tigray region.
