ABSTRACT
Linguistics may claim to be one of the oldest of the social sciences. Early in the nineteenth century Jakob Grimm said that he would prefer a single fact to a thousand refined speculations and since 1870 linguists have been developing and refining their techniques for the observation and recording of spoken utterances and for the analysis and description of the complex linguistic organization which underlies them. The speech event proper may be said to start when some stimulus prompts a speaker to initiate a message. In the light of his previous experience and of the present situation he draws upon his store of linguistic knowledge to formulate a linguistic text. The effects of hypernasality are more extensive, since the fricative/plosive distinction presupposes a nasal closure. Stammering is widely considered to be a symptom of a deepset emotional disorder, the exact nature of the symptom being of secondary importance.
