ABSTRACT
Special significance is attached to liberal constitutionalism, which, on a theoretical level, is associated with Hobbes, Montesquieu, and John Locke in particular, as well as with the birth and great longevity of the US Constitution, with its emphasis on the sovereignty of the people, the rights of man, and the autonomy of human reason. The democratic law-based state presupposes an active civil society which fully respects the basic rights and freedoms of citizens. The concept of the democratic law-based state closely resembles the contemporary concept of constitutionalism, which is usually characterised precisely by the fact that it is only conceivable in a civil society founded on the primacy of the individual over the state and the equality of all citizens. While based on the traditional conception of the separation of state powers, the chosen system was of a parliamentary democratic republic, featuring a two-chamber parliament, a weak president, and a cabinet responsible to the parliament.
