ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the application of ethnographic approaches within an integrated mixed methods framework. Ethnographic methods are typically applied for the purpose of understanding cultural experiences and the role of culture in explaining or predicting certain phenomena. In addition to the study of culture for its own sake, integrated ethnographic approaches are applied in formative research for prediction, instrument development, and intervention studies; and in evaluation research to document the process of interventions. Moreover, integrated ethnographic approaches are used within participatory action and transformative-emancipation frameworks to facilitate social change and/or social justice in partnership with stakeholders representing specific cultural groups or contexts. The chapter begins with an introduction of integrated mixed methods designs and ethnography as a mixed methods approach, addresses questions regarding how and why researchers engage in integrated ethnographic approaches, and provides examples from published research across multiple disciplines. The chapter concludes with reflections on the application of integrated ethnographic approaches.
