ABSTRACT
In practice, sustainable development can be achieved by a systematic approach that encompasses environmental, economic and social factors. Unfortunately, the practice of regional and local development planning is still dominated by a siloed and pragmatic approach. According to Law 32/2009 on Environmental Management and Protection, the mainstreaming of sustainable development in Indonesia is to be achieved through the application of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). In 2017, The Government of Indonesia issued Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through Presidential Decree no. 57/2017. Both have had a similar achievement that is to fulfil Sustainable Development in Indonesia. This includes both spatial and non-spatial development planning in Indonesia. Using a Performance Management approach and policy research method, the importance of both geography and institution is emphasised. The policy research method consists of formative and summative techniques. Overall, emphasis is given to how the mainstreaming of sustainable development may take hold and how policy in Indonesia may be more effective when geography and institutions both are considered as existing within a system. Overall, there are various levels of effectiveness in the implementation of the SEA and SDGs across geographies and institutions. The basic reasons for this variation, such as differences in capabilities and understanding of sustainable development are considered.
