ABSTRACT
This chapter argues that three elements are fundamental to analyzing the status of the Ptolemaic queens, from Berenike I to Kleopatra II (300–115 BCE): the dynastic cult and the representation of sovereigns in Egyptian temples; the enhancement of the couple in the dynastic propaganda; and the establishment of joint rules from 180 BCE onwards. These elements will be examined successively, highlighting the major changes that have occurred. The observations take into account many documents (papyri, scenes in temples, inscriptions, stelai, coins, and literary sources) in Greek and Egyptian languages and writings.
