ABSTRACT
Primary energy can be classified as commercial energy and traditional energy. The term commercial energy is used for energy forms that are bought and sold, i.e. coal, oil, natural gas, hydroelectricity and nuclear power. Traditional energy sources are firewood, animal dung and crop or agricultural waste, which are mostly non-traded forms of energy being by-products of agricultural and allied activities. There are widespread discussions on the contribution by different countries to the emissions of greenhouse gases and strategies for reducing these emissions. For developing countries, the focus is on efficiency improvements and the increased share of renewable energy technologies in meeting the increasing energy requirements. Of non-commercial energy, 80-90 per cent is consumed by the domestic sector, which in addition accounts for 10 per cent of commercial energy consumption. The MARKAL model, a dynamic linear optimization framework, has been adopted to study CO2 mitigation options in the different sectors.
