ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with religious conversions in the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska—NDH), a fascist state founded with the support of Germany and Italy in April 1941. Apart from mass murder and the mass expulsion of ethnic minorities, the NDH government, led by the fascist Ustashas, pursued a policy of forced religious conversion of the Serbian Orthodox population to Catholicism. Since 1945, these conversions have been one of the most controversial topics in Yugoslav historical research, and even more so in the nationalist discourses feeding the breakup of socialist Yugoslavia in the 1990s. Lastly, the question of conversions gained importance in the ongoing rehabilitation of some members of the Ustasha regime and some members of the Catholic Church in contemporary Croatia. 1
