ABSTRACT
Bureaucrats, as individuals, are similar to any other members of society who also are usually assumed to have utility functions that incorporate this wide range of objectives. The term 'bureaucracy' often conjures up negative images in peoples' minds. When used in conversation, it usually takes on pejorative tones. The nature of the power enjoyed by the bureaucrat and the different paradigms employed to explain the relationship between bureaucrats and sponsors. Though the economics of bureaucracy has attained a reasonable level of acceptance, it is relatively lacking in empirical research to either support or refute the basic conclusions. Research on bureaucratic maximization in developing countries is a growing area of emphasis within the Public Choice realm. E. F. Toma illustrates how the political institutions that govern the administration of state education systems have a significant impact on the amount of spending on education.
