ABSTRACT
During the 1950s and 1960s a critical movement began to develop among scientists and technologists. This can be linked to the growing connections between science and the military as exemplified by the Manhattan Project, individual pressures on scientists working in large, bureaucratic research organizations, and growing awareness of the links between recently introduced products of science and environmental degradation. Besides becoming active in nuclear disarmament and the nascent environmental movement, some scientists began to examine the established dogma about the social implications of science.1
