ABSTRACT
The shared overlap or common currency between neuronal and phenomenal states, e.g., brain and experience, may consist in spatiotemporal features. In view of the development of the variety of psychoanalytic theories of depression will focus on the essential dimensions of depression, which are related to S. Freud’s outstanding contribution “Mourning and Melancholia”. The self in depression is attributed to negative emotions. Positive emotions are no longer connected with one’s own self. These scrupulous tendencies correlate with the number of former suicide attempts and are risk factors for suicidal behavior. The development of neuropsychodynamic hypotheses of the altered self-reference in depression is based on the investigation of the emotional–cognitive interaction in depressed patients, which focused on the neurophysiological correlates of depressive inhibition and the neurophysiological substrates of negative cognitive schemes and the neuropsychological deficits. Neuropsychodynamic psychiatry bridges the gap between psychoanalysis, psychiatry and neuroscience.
