ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the literature on political rhetoric with a specific focus on gender published between the 2008 and 2020 U.S. election cycles. This rich body of scholarship coalesces around three overlapping arguments: masculinity and bias, case studies of ingenuity and resistance, and confronting the double bind. We call for continued research that uncovers the constraints and highlights the inventiveness of individual women. More advocacy around dismantling cultural stereotypes, pointing out backlash and bias, and considering intersectional identities is imperative to making the kind of change necessary to achieve political parity.
