ABSTRACT
This chapter examines imagery created as a result of the immigrant crisis in France and the complex political, religious, and historical circumstances that led to the European migrant crisis more broadly. The author focuses on specific examples of street art and lieux de mémoires (sites or realms of memory) created in Parisian neighborhoods in response to the 2015 terrorist attacks. The deep iconographical roots of this art are considered. Historians like Maurice Agulhon have examined Republican imagery and symbolism in France from 1789 to 1880 in depth, particularly depictions of Marianne—that is, the personification of Liberty in female form. The author seeks to bring Agulhon’s study forward by examining contemporary depictions of Marianne in public art and sculpture created in Paris following the attacks and made in predominately immigrant neighborhoods.
