ABSTRACT
Indonesia is one of the most resource-rich countries in the world. It is blessed with over 120 million hectares of forest, around 6.4 million square kilometres of ocean, and numerous mining areas. Indonesia’s forests are among the most extensive and valuable in the world. The traditional view of criminal law, which focuses on individual liability, is inadequate to counter corporate crime. Many of the most economically and socially dangerous crimes in Indonesia originate from corporate business activities and so stricter control of corporate activities is needed, along with harsher punishments. The Indonesian Criminal Code is a legacy of the colonial Dutch Penal Code, which did not recognise the concept of corporate criminal liability. It came into force in 1918. The development of the corporate criminal liability concept in Indonesia has been highly influenced by the Netherlands. The application of corporate criminal liability in Indonesia will remain ineffective, inconsistent, and confusing.
