ABSTRACT
This chapter first reviews the evolution and geographic distribution of the address systems of Spanish, and considers their use in context, focusing on several aspects where they intersect with pragmatics. It shows that the microsocial dimensions of power and solidarity account for basic distribution of deferential and non-deferential address, but appropriate use also depends on whether a community prioritizes the expression of positive politeness (i.e., closeness and social belonging) or negative politeness (i.e., distance and autonomy). Address is then shown to be a key discourse strategy that does not simply reflect relationships between speakers but also fulfills a central role in creating them. We also consider pragmatic notions, such as presupposition and mitigation, central to address form and meaning. We then focus on methodological aspects of the study of address and pragmatics, including data collection (experimental vs. naturalistic) and analysis (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed). The chapter discusses potential future research, including acquisition of address systems and usage, interaction between grammatical and lexical address, comparison and contrast of address strategies across varieties, the effect of pragmatic variation on address in computer-mediated communication, and shifts in address in areas of language contact.
