ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the future of fuel ethanol and of global energy markets. Brazil, as it is well known, has long been recognized as a leading country in the development and use of sugarcane bioethanol as fuel. The significant progress verified in the production and use of fuel ethanol was also accompanied by investments in new science and technology. The preliminaries of the ethanol diplomacy were undertaken by the US with the Brazilian Government between 2005 and 2010. Both the governments signed cooperation agreements particularly involving 2G technology development. The CTBE was working with the US Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories to conduct joint research, also involving sustainability aspects. Several European countries were also proactive in the so-called bioenergy diplomacy. One way to boost the ethanol diplomacy is through existing sugar networks. Sugar is a commodity produced in most developing countries.
