ABSTRACT
Iceland’s participation in the European project provides a more complicated read in terms of shelter theory. Membership of the EFTA and the EEA provides important economic shelter as regards market access, modernization of the Icelandic economy, legislation in many other policy fields related to the internal market, and the free movement of people. The EEA and Schengen have provided more important societal and political shelter than was first anticipated, and are vital in keeping Iceland in line with Europe. However, Iceland is not a member of the EU and its partial participation in the European project does not provide the country with essential political and economic shelter during times of need.
