ABSTRACT
The Hungarian Revolution and its suppression hurt the reputations of both Khrushchev and Tito, but did not end the prospects for self-management in Eastern Europe. Having formally joined the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, Yugoslavia by 1961 had embarked on an increasingly export-oriented path, reforming its currency, price system, and self-management structures. To shore up Yugoslavia's international position and the party's position at home, Tito and Kardelj once again turned to a major refashioning of self-management. The self-management system did not collapse immediately following the death of its creators, Kardelj in February 1979 and Tito in May 1980. The uneven distribution of employment and benefits among the republics also generated different levels of attachment to the League of Communists of Yugoslavia and self-management. Self-management had never been about working-class power, but it has continued to be fondly remembered as a welfare system superior to what followed the collapse of Yugoslavia.
