ABSTRACT
Psychoanalysis was created by Sigmund Freud, a Viennese Jew, who had an outpatient practice with a large number of upper-middle-class hysterical women—also mainly Jewish. What Freud dreamed of instead was a curriculum that included "elements from the mental sciences, from psychology, the history of civilization and sociology, as well as from anatomy, biology and the study of evolution". In 1938 the American Psychoanalytic Association created new rules, stating: that only physicians who had completed a psychiatric residency at an approved institution could become members. In addition to warning incoming analysts that practicing psychoanalysis without a medical license was illegal, they tried to steer lay analysts or laymen with aspiration to practice into other professions, such as social work or teaching. The psychiatric profession was not the only one pointing guns: psychologists were as well—in the form of a lawsuit against the American Psychoanalytic Association and, secondarily, against the International Psychoanalytical Association.
