ABSTRACT
The two pioneers of psychoanalysis in Japan, Yaekichi Yabe and Heisaku Kozawa, underwent training in Europe around 1930. Since then, Japan has had two academic societies related to psychoanalysis. At present, these are the Japan Psychoanalytical Association and the Japan Psychoanalytical Society, both with a 55-year history. In the light of the Japanese population having exceeded 100 million people and the Japan Psychoanalytic Society (JPS) having a history spanning 80 long years, this small number of members may reflect the fact that there are very few Japanese who have the time and the money to undergo sessions four times a week. Needless to say, the duality of the two organizations –the JPS that actively adapts itself to demands imposed by the International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA), and the Japan Psychoanalytic Association (JPA) that does not –may represent "Japan's resistance" towards psychoanalysis. However, this situation is not something that should be simply criticized as being a "double standard".
