ABSTRACT
The discovery of psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud is said to be one of the greatest cultural achievements of the twentieth century. Psychoanalysis began as a treatment for hysteria, which is a type of neurosis. It then developed as a treatment for all types of neurosis, such as phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders. In his view, psychoanalysis is characterised by the unconscious origins of human thoughts and behaviour, childhood experiences which are related to those origins, and transference and resistance during treatment. Psychoanalysis underwent a transition from intellect to attachment and from paternity to maternity, in response to the changing Zeitgeist. Objectives of psychoanalytic treatment today, or mental illnesses of modern people, have, in many cases, the features of social disorders. In 1955, with the approval of the International Psychoanalytical Association, H. Kosawa established the Japan Psychoanalytic Society as a branch of the former.
