ABSTRACT
This chapter presents an example of how theories have been used to understand and explain transformations during a psychoanalytic process using the three-level model. The pluralistic theoretical panorama is a fact on which Bernardi R. has written Pluralism in psychoanalysis must be accepted as a fact that can be perceived in three different ways, institutional, epistemological, and mental. The main challenge it poses refers not to the possibility of limiting or reducing differences, but of transforming them into an object of study and learning from them. The model is basically a heuristic for refining, systematizing and conceptualizing clinical observations. It can be used in personal reflection or deliberation processes, when the analyst feels necessary to have a “second look” over the material. It could also be used as an open guide for discussion groups who want to enhance clinical observation through the systematic analysis of a clinical material.
