ABSTRACT
The Russian philosophy of science has recognized three stages in the development of science, which were proposed by V. S. Stepin. Each of the three science development stages is associated with the dominance of one of three types of scientific rationality – classical, non-classical, and post-non-classical rationality. It is significant to note that the scientific rationalities are not alternative ones. Every subsequent rationality has its own specifics but includes also the previous types of rationality. Classical scientific rationality, focusing attention on the object, seeks to reduce the research to a theoretical explanation and a description of everything that concerns the subject, means, and operations of activity. Such reduction is considered to be a necessary condition of acquiring objective and true knowledge of the world. The philosophical and methodological analysis of cybernetics evolution proved its connection with the development of scientific rationality. The classical scientific rationality is correlated with the first-order cybernetics.
