ABSTRACT
Since the end of the 1960s, postwar structures have been changing. This development marks the beginning of the most recent phase of globalization, which is widely believed to be the first real globalization and receives the most attention from the social sciences. From the history few aspects need to be considered. One of the most compelling descriptions of global capitalism is still that found in The Communist Manifesto, written in 1848 by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. When globalization again accelerated in the 1980s and 1990s, globality no longer was anything particularly special. The earth we inhabit is one large enclosed arena. Transformation inspired and encouraged by Americans or by the west does not automatically imply Americanization or westernization, chiefly because all processes of cultural or institutional transfer, diffusion, and cross-fertilization require a substantial amount of local cooperation and adaptation, which results in the transformation en route of what is being transferred.
