ABSTRACT
This chapter summarizes the state of integrated approaches, and discusses the challenges of sustainability and impact, and lessons from integrated approaches. One of the issues related to integrated approaches is to what degree is programming conducted by or with locals, with international support, and technical assistance, versus implementing external. The chapter describes that many donors supporting peace-building and development are increasingly linking programming with security objectives, which raises questions about the primary goal of peacebuilding. While international assistance has always had strong linkages to political goals, the relationship of aid to insecurity and direct military involvement is relatively new and raises concerns. An additional concern is the increasing securitization of aid. Evelyn Thornton and Tobie Whitman discuss the critical importance of integrating peacebuilding and gender not only within specific programs, but in national and international policies as well. Many in development and international policy view religion or religious leaders as overly conservative or a potential obstacle to development.
