ABSTRACT
As the twentieth century came to a close, three existential threats to states and global stability increasingly challenged diplomats and the limits of multilateral diplomacy. This chapter explores the changing dynamics of multilateralism and the roles played by leading state actors and intergovernmental organizations in that process. In addition, particular attention is paid to the provocative and productive role played by nonstate actors in the evolution of multilateralism, particularly in the issue area of the globalized threats posed by nuclear proliferation, terrorism, and genocide. Multilateral diplomacy has responded to new threats in the global community via innovative solutions and new ways of thinking about human security. Frustrating advocates and critics alike, selfish state sovereignty continues to thwart development of an effective and rapid response to genocide. When their existence is threatened, however, by nuclear proliferation or terrorism, states demonstrate a greater willingness to collaborate and sacrifice some aspects of their sovereignty.
