ABSTRACT
For many state and local governments, motivational programs and productivity improvement are times of shrinking resources and rising demands. Collective bargaining agreements can also limit a government's freedom to implement various types of motivational programs. A variety of productivity improvement strategies are available to state and local governments. Most of them fall into five broad categories: introduction of new or improved technology, improvement of operational procedures, revision of organizational structures, enhancement of the skills of management and line employees, and improvement of employee motivation. Of all the major approaches to productivity improvement, motivational strategies are probably affected the most by employee concerns and values. This chapter focuses on three popular motivational approaches: performance targeting; monetary incentives; and job enrichment. Performance targeting in the form of management by objectives (MBO) is common in state and local governments. Monetary incentives are cash awards used to induce desired behaviour or results.
