ABSTRACT
The owners merely of labour-power, owners of capital, and landowners, whose respective sources of income are wages, profit and ground-rent, wage-labourers, capitalists and landowners, constitute then three big classes of modern society based upon the capitalist mode of production. Altogether collisions between the classes of the old society in many ways further the course of development of the proletariat. In proportion as the bourgeoisie, capital, is developed, in the same proportion is the proletariat, the modern working class, developed—a class of labourers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital. The essential condition for the existence, and for the sway of the bourgeois class, is the formation and augmentation of capital; the condition for capital is wage-labour. Modern industry has converted the little workshop of the patriarchal master into the great factory of the industrial capitalist.
