ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an overview of the different kinds of ecosystems and the range of ecosystem services that residents obtain from various kinds of urban natural spaces. It focuses on the differences in terms of values accorded to these ecosystems services between cities in the Global North and the Global South and within these regions as well, especially examining issues of equity and justice. The word ‘ecosystem’ primarily conjures images of landscapes such as grasslands and tropical forests rich in charismatic animals and endangered species. Ecosystems are the life-support for humans and all other life on this planet, and urban ecosystems are no exception. Ecosystem services constitute the tangible and intangible benefits that humans derive from ecosystems, and are indispensable for life. The recognition that ecosystem services are important for human health and well-being has been supported by both monetary and non-monetary valuations.
