ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the neurological roots of Sigmund Freud's views on mind, showing the innovations he contributed in brain science and language pathology. It considers an encyclopedia entry Freud wrote entitled "Das Gehirn" ("The Brain") and which appeared in 1888. Freud contributed two articles to Albert Villaret's Handworterbuch der gesamten Medizin in 1888, one of which was entitled "The Brain." Freud thus argued, contra Meynert, that the "quality" of a perceptual chain made no difference to the neurological processes accompanying it. When the work On Aphasia appeared, Freud found himself definitively barred from Meynert's clinic. Reduced to practicing privately, he mostly collaborated with his benefactor, Josef Breuer. Wernicke's theory was important because it proceeded on the assumption that "meaning," and by extension, "comprehension" of meaning, required the cooperation of multiple brain localizations, which were static. Lichtheim's scheme predicted the possibility of seven types of aphasia, five of which were conduction aphasias.
