ABSTRACT
The energy transition and widespread implementation of renewable energy technologies are projected to significantly increase demand for metals and minerals and will affect the future of supply chains. This paper considers the role of ethical supply chains for metals and minerals in achieving the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a focus on 10 selected targets from goals 3, 5, 8, 12, and 16. The purpose of ethical supply chains for metals and minerals is to address three areas – environmental, social and governance. Fulfilling these requirements achieves the dual purpose of responsible sourcing and contributing towards the UN SDGs. Global supply chains have several distinct ethical challenges. From mine site to consumption, there are multiple tiers and intermediaries. Consequently, at each tier of the supply chain, changes occur in (1) responsibility, (2) knowledge, (3) leverage, and (4) context. Social issues along the supply chain differ within tiers and vary contextually. Upstream tiers (mining, processing, smelting, refining) are often closer to critical social issues and conflicts while downstream tiers (manufacturers and distributors) may face issues with supply chain due diligence, transparency, and complexity of supply chains. This paper concludes with recommendations for improving responsible sourcing and addressing metal and mineral demand for the energy transition.
