ABSTRACT
Leadership theories and models available thus far, while helpful in understanding leadership development, are frequently inadequate for a full understanding of the changing nature of leadership in the 21st century. The authors review existing literature and practice in International Leadership (IL) and propose a future agenda for research from the lens of servant leadership; virtual team leadership; and leadership in global crises. Both practical applications of International Leadership and the existing research are examined to determine possible future avenues of exploration. For example, the VUCA framework: Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, Ambiguity allows leaders to develop responses to situations where they do not have sufficient information to make decisions, such as in a developing crisis or unexpected scenario which many virtual teams currently face. Leadership research and global crises delve into how research on diverse leadership practices around the world can be used to mitigate global crises such as Coronavirus. Servant leadership and followership explore the deeper debate to utilize it and practice. There is a plethora of opportunities for deeper research in such a leadership style, particularly IL as transformational practices and connections to followership.
