ABSTRACT
This paper reviews urbanisation in India and China to examine if the process has been inclusive. We focus on marginalised groups in the urban areas of the two countries to examine the inclusive nature of urbanisation. For India, we look at women and rural-urban residents as the focus social groups. For China, we focus on the floating population. We consider several aspects of human development to examine inclusion. These include urban poverty, sex ratio, literacy rate, earnings and access to basic services such as water supply, sanitation, and employment rate, subject to the availability of data. We examine if these social groups have benefitted from urbanisation in their respective countries. This paper uses secondary data from the census and other sources for India and the National Bureau of Statistics for China as well as other sources where available. While for India we have some secondary data sources to understand the extent of inclusion, for China, we depend on other studies.
