ABSTRACT
The seemingly innocuous principle of ‘design standards’ – so foundational to architectural education and practice – conceals a series of difficult (questions: Who is ‘standard’? Whose needs matter? Which bodies count? Joel Sanders, professor adjunct at Yale and principal of Joel Sanders Architecture (JSA), examines the public restroom as a contested site of social and political struggle. Drawing upon historical and participatory research, Sanders proposed new bathroom typologies which respect individual needs, while also bringing different people together.
