ABSTRACT
Nationalism carried heavy costs in the Third Republic. The benefits of autonomy might have been great, but his own contributions could have affected the likelihood of success only slightly. Even if the Breton cause had looked more promising than it did, the temptation to “ride free” would have been great. Less frequently elite and nonelite cultures integrate into a hybrid, as seems to have occurred between the Anglo-Saxons and their Norman conquerors. According to the logic of the present model, neither event will give rise to nationalism so long as the cultural division of labor is maintained, that is, so long as the elite skills continue to be monopolized by the elite culture. Indeed, pressure for assimilation usually weakens the nonelite by inducing self-contempt and intense intergenerational and intrapersonal conflict. Except where they (a) extremely improve the position of the none Ute.
