ABSTRACT
French municipal elections take place using two different electoral systems: a two-round bloc vote system with panachage (TR-BV) in cities with populations under 1,000 inhabitants (72% of the total share of municipalities but only 13% of the national population) and a majority bonus system in two rounds (MBS) with a 50% majoritarian bonus to the largest party in the others. But municipal elections are largely uncompetitive, except in the country’s largest cities, where they are essentially akin to second-order elections.
