ABSTRACT
How and where species are distributed across the Earth is based in part on the relationships that exist between species and the habitats that they occur in. Understanding these relationships has broad applications when studying urban biodiversity. Two disciplines that provide the tools and theory to understand patterns of urban biodiversity are landscape ecology and biogeography. Landscape ecology can be used to evaluate the spatial relationships of biodiversity within cites and how similar they are among cities, whereas biogeography can be used to evaluate how biodiversity varies among cities as a function of geographic and environmental gradients.
