ABSTRACT
This chapter analyses transitions that occur when pre-existing environmental resource management institutions in global South countries are the basis for climate action in response to the Anthropocene. Using a case study of Tanzania, this chapter uses historical analysis to trace the evolution of climate change policies from environmental and resource management institutions. It describes how the use of forest management institutions for addressing climate change generates double injustices by continuing to strip communities of their resource access and use rights and unfairly placing the burden of addressing the Anthropocene on forest-dependent communities that have contributed least to causing climate change. These resource management institutions are traced back to colonial and post-independence periods, which were characterized by environmental capitalization, resource grabbing and extraction by colonial governments, and the marginalization of local communities. Emerging climate change action emphasizes ecological and carbon capture benefits from environmental resources, usually at the expense of the livelihoods of local resource users.
