ABSTRACT
This chapter outlines the concepts related to best practices for the management of individuals with life-limiting conditions secondary to the diagnoses of substance use disorder (SUD), intentional self-harm (suicidal ideation), gun violence, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Concepts described by diagnosis include incidence and mortality rates globally and specific to the United States; condition characteristics including typical symptom presentation; diagnostic criteria; causative risk factors; and early and late-stage disease trajectories. For SUD, alcohol, nicotine, and opioid use disorder, the concept of addiction, and management concepts for overdose are addressed. Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral for Treatment (SBIRT), including appropriate screening tools by diagnosis, are reviewed. Co-occurring conditions, such as mental health disorders, associated with SUD and intentional self-harm, are reviewed. The risks attributed to gun violence, including demographic characteristics and ultimately the economic and societal burden, are outlined. The medical management of HIV/AIDS, including interprofessional rehabilitation outcome measures and interventions such as physical activity, are outlined.
