ABSTRACT
In the famous passage on the Galician Ostjuden who settled in Vienna’s second district, the Leopoldstadt, during and after the First World War, the novelist Joseph Roth observed:
It is frightfully difficult to be an Ostjude; and there is no harder fate than that of alien Eastern european Jews in Vienna. For the Christian Socials they’re Jews; for the German nationalists they are Semites. For the Social Democrats they are unproductive elements. 1
