ABSTRACT
Water provides several ecosystem services, including those relating to food and water, regulating the microclimate, water purification and quality, habitat functions, recreation, and leisure activities, thus ensuring the sustainability of cities and landscapes. However, the frequency and intensity of natural disasters have increased due to climate change, and an ecological system centered on water is vulnerable due to advanced social systems such as urbanization and industrialization. Thus, the value of ecosystem services has decreased. Therefore, the challenge is to implement a sustainable socio-ecological system of cities and landscapes by improving the value of ecosystem services water provides. In this chapter, we propose planning and management based on the concept of resilience for sustainable coastal cities and landscapes. We also introduce time and space prediction simulation techniques to predict the dynamics of complex coastal socio-ecological systems for resilience-based planning and management. These studies will be able to achieve the SDGs of the UN by making the system of city-landscape scale more sustainable within the coastal areas, preserving marine ecosystems and land ecosystems, and providing measures to cope with climate change. If the concept of resilience is applied to simulate the socio-ecological system and ecosystem services of the coastal areas and then to planning and management, it will be possible to implement sustainable cities and landscapes.
